\u201cBuilding this company\u2019s history involves the history of the society of this region and the country itself\u201d, declares Sofia Costa Macedo, a professor of Cultural Heritage at ISCTE, member of the board of directors at APAI \u2013 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Arqueologia Industrial (Portuguese Association for Industrial Archaeology<\/em>) and one of the three members that make up the research team that developed the history of Caima, the first chemical pulp production plant in Portugal.<\/p>\n The starting point of the investigation was a trunk stored at the company, which contained approximately 150 documents on The Caima Timber Estate & Wood Pulp Company, Limited<\/em>. The Master of Industrial Archaeology and researcher on the Caima project, Susana Pacheco, shares that, to develop the work, several different archives were consulted. Those at the Const\u00e2ncia plant and Albergaria plant \u2013 most of which are at the Albergaria-a-Velha municipal archive \u2013, as well as state, municipal and district archives, among which those of the former Ministry of Public Works and Ministry of the Economy, where there was a good deal of information. The researchers also consulted foreign archives, namely the National Archives in England. It was in London that they found the original statutes of the establishment of The Caima Timber Estate & Wood Pulp Company, Limited<\/em>, Caima\u2019s oldest information. From England alone, more than 300 documents were researched and brought back.<\/p>\n Altogether, the researchers found more information than they had expected. Information that had to be analysed and validated to assess whether it was relevant to the investigation. More than 200 items were discovered at the Albergaria archive, with each item made up of various documents. These were volumes of letters and, to give an idea of the volume, each item contained 600 letters.<\/p>\n Jorge Cust\u00f3dio, in charge of coordinating the research on Caima, explains that these items \u201care a minimal percentage of what we were able to save. The rest was lost\u201d. A situation that ended up disrupting the order of business, since it implied greater analysis and effort.<\/p>\n The project\u2019s coordinator states that they are going to write a book with a scientific nature. \u201cIt is not an ideological discourse, it\u2019s scientific.\u201d<\/p>\n Another very important aspect of this work was to give the story a human dimension. \u201cWho the people were, their role, how they stood out, what influence they had on the measures adopted by the company and what the practical results were for the business\u201d, says Sofia Costa Macedo. A feeling seconded by Jorge Cust\u00f3dio, who mentions that this aspect is \u201cinteresting and led to maps that will be included in the exhibition and book, showing Caima\u2019s universality\u201d.<\/p>\n One example of Caima\u2019s universality was the company\u2019s relationship with the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph<\/em>. This prominent journal founded in 1855 remains one of the most important in the United Kingdom and, for many years, used paper produced from Caima pulp.<\/p>\n A project of this dimension required the creation of a work chronogram and included the collaboration of various experts in fields such as Forestry, the Environment, Chemistry, Architecture, Heritage and Civil Engineering, to address more specific aspects of the evolution of the factory and all of the technological and scientific elements associated with the improvements introduced.<\/p>\n \u201cWe discovered all of the technology used in the plants. At the beginning, I never thought it would be possible to recreate a plant like the one in Albergaria, which is in ruins, and find out which machinery existed\u201d, explains Susana Pacheco. The researchers were able to find several technological blueprints, with dimensions from that time and how the equipment was installed. Who the constructors were, the size of each part and the machines in question. \u201cThere is a wealth of knowledge and detail about the whole evolutionary process of the technology used by Caima\u201d, adds Susana Pacheco.<\/p>\n The work developed by the researchers includes production of a book that tells Caima\u2019s story, an exhibition that takes this knowledge to the public, and thematic conferences due to begin in October. From the beginning of the project, the team considered the importance of processing the archive of the material found and making it available. An idea that was echoed within Caima itself, opening the possibility of \u201cplacing the digital archive on a drive containing everything we investigated\u201d, says Jorge Cust\u00f3dio. According to the leader of this ambitious project, this will enable anyone to research whatever they wish on this platform, since all of the information is processed and organised.<\/p>\n The book will contain a summary of all of the material analysed. \u201cWe will carry out the correct analyses to help build a better knowledge of Caima.\u201d<\/p>\n The industrial archaeologists will explain the company\u2019s history and provide a deeper understanding of its importance in the past and present, collaborating in its outlook. The work shows Caima\u2019s technological evolution and the positioning of the company that produces raw material to ensure products like sausages don\u2019t go without packaging or medication without wrappers. These and many other goods are produced using the soluble eucalyptus pulp produced by Caima. Working on the material history or culture of new products is also a goal of industrial archaeology.<\/p>\n People must understand how industries work, how they use raw materials of other industries, how intermediate or final products are made. \u201cThat is our guiding principle; to integrate the workers and enable them to recognise themselves in what they see. In what they know and what they do.\u201d<\/p>\n Portuguese historiography has disregarded analysing Caima\u2019s role in the national economy. This work confers Caima the prominence it deserves in the history of Portugal<\/p>\n","protected":false,"raw":"Portuguese historiography has disregarded analysing Caima\u2019s role in the national economy. This work confers Caima the prominence it deserves in the history of Portugal"},"author":3,"featured_media":2328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_pt_post_content":"A possibilidade de estudar uma empresa que esteve presente em todos os momentos mais significativos da transforma\u00e7\u00e3o da sociedade portuguesa desde o fim do s\u00e9culo XIX \u00e9 de uma grande relev\u00e2ncia. A Caima come\u00e7ou a existir durante o reinado de D. Lu\u00eds, cresceu durante a Primeira Rep\u00fablica, esteve sempre activa na I Guerra Mundial, na ditadura militar, na II Guerra Mundial, no 25 de Abril de 1974, na integra\u00e7\u00e3o de Portugal na Comunidade Econ\u00f3mica Europeia (CEE) \u2013 agora Uni\u00e3o Europeia \u2013, na adop\u00e7\u00e3o da moeda \u00fanica e no fim do escudo.\r\n\r\nA funda\u00e7\u00e3o da Caima data de 17 de Maio de 1888. A F\u00e1brica de Albergaria est\u00e1 constru\u00edda em meados de 1891. Para construir uma f\u00e1brica para produzir pasta de papel, por processo qu\u00edmico inovador, no interior de Portugal, nos finais do s\u00e9culo XIX, foi necess\u00e1rio trazer o equipamento completo e uma equipa da Alemanha para montar a f\u00e1brica. \u201cImagine o que era constituir uma f\u00e1brica em Portugal, t\u00eaxtil ou metalomec\u00e2nica, para as quais a forma\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica era baixa nessa \u00e9poca e n\u00e3o existia m\u00e3o-de-obra especializada. Quanto mais n\u00e3o seria quando esta unidade era uma ind\u00fastria qu\u00edmica \u00e0 base de bissulfito de c\u00e1lcio.\u201d, diz Jorge Cust\u00f3dio, arque\u00f3logo industrial e investigador do Instituto de Hist\u00f3ria Contempor\u00e2nea e respons\u00e1vel pela coordena\u00e7\u00e3o do trabalho de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Caima.\r\n\r\n\u201cAo fazer a hist\u00f3ria desta empresa, estamos a falar da hist\u00f3ria da pr\u00f3pria sociedade da regi\u00e3o e do Pa\u00eds\u201d, afirma Sofia Costa Macedo, docente de Patrim\u00f3nio Cultural no ISCTE, membro da direc\u00e7\u00e3o da APAI \u2013 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Arqueologia Industrial um dos tr\u00eas membros que integram a equipa de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o que desenvolveu a hist\u00f3ria da Caima, a primeira f\u00e1brica de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pasta qu\u00edmica em Portugal.\r\n\r\n[image id=\"2316\" format=\"img-header-large\"]\r\n\r\nO ponto de partida da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o foi uma arca existente na empresa que tinha cerca de 150 documentos sobre a The Caima Timber Estate & Wood Pulp Company, Limited<\/em> A mestre em Arqueologia Industrial e investigadora no projecto da Caima, Susana Pacheco, partilha que para desenvolver o trabalho consultaram v\u00e1rios arquivos diferentes. Os existentes na f\u00e1brica de Const\u00e2ncia e na f\u00e1brica de Albergaria \u2013 de que grande parte se encontra no arquivo municipal de Albergaria-a-Velha \u2013, assim como arquivos estatais, municipais e distritais, entre os quais os do antigo Minist\u00e9rio das Obras P\u00fablicas e do Minist\u00e9rio da Economia, nos quais encontraram bastante informa\u00e7\u00e3o. Recorreram tamb\u00e9m a arquivos estrangeiros, nomeadamente ao National Archives, em Inglaterra. Foi em Londres que encontraram os estatutos originais da cria\u00e7\u00e3o da The Caima Timber Estate & Wood Pulp Company, Limited<\/em>, a informa\u00e7\u00e3o mais antiga da Caima. S\u00f3 de Inglaterra pesquisaram e trouxeram mais de 300 documentos.\r\n\r\nAo todo, encontraram mais informa\u00e7\u00e3o do que esperavam. Informa\u00e7\u00e3o que teve de ser analisada e validada para saber se era relevante para a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o. No arquivo de Albergaria encontraram mais de 200 itens, com v\u00e1rios documentos integrados em cada item. S\u00e3o volumes de cartas. S\u00f3 para se ter uma no\u00e7\u00e3o um volume, um item possui 600 cartas.\r\n\r\nJorge Cust\u00f3dio, respons\u00e1vel pela coordena\u00e7\u00e3o do trabalho de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Caima, refere que estes itens \u201cs\u00e3o uma percentagem m\u00ednima do que se conseguiu salvar. O resto perdeu\u00ad\u2011se\u201d.\r\n\r\nUma situa\u00e7\u00e3o que acabou por perturbar a ordem de trabalho, uma que vez que implicou uma maior an\u00e1lise e taxa de esfor\u00e7o. O respons\u00e1vel pelo projecto conta que v\u00e3o escrever um livro de matriz cient\u00edfica. \u201cN\u00e3o \u00e9 um discurso ideol\u00f3gico, \u00e9 cient\u00edfico.\u201d\r\n\r\nOutra aspecto muito relevante deste trabalho foi dar uma dimens\u00e3o humana \u00e0 hist\u00f3ria. \u201cQuem foram as pessoas, o seu papel, como se destacaram, que influ\u00eancia tiveram nas medidas adoptadas pela empresa e quais foram os seus resultados pr\u00e1ticos para o neg\u00f3cio\u201d, diz Sofia Costa Macedo. Um sentimento refor\u00e7ado por Jorge Cust\u00f3dio, ao referir que este aspecto \u00e9 \u201cinteressante e deu origem a mapas que v\u00e3o estar na exposi\u00e7\u00e3o e no livro, mostrando a universalidade da Caima\u201d.\r\n\r\nUma mostra da universalidade da Caima foi a sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com o di\u00e1rio brit\u00e2nico The Daily Telegraph<\/em>. Este importante jornal fundado em 1855, continua a ser um dos mais relevantes do Reino Unido e durante muito tempo utilizou papel produzido com pasta da Caima.\r\n\r\n[gallery-slick ids=\"2334,2325,2319,2322,2355,2349\"]\r\n\r\n![\"Gualter](\"https:\/\/cdn.xl.pt\/conteudos\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2018\/10\/16265521-1920x1200.jpg\")
\n
![\"Jorge](\"https:\/\/cdn.xl.pt\/conteudos\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2018\/10\/UNIV_Arqueologos-9-1920x800.jpg\")
\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/cdn.xl.pt\/conteudos\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2018\/10\/UNIV_Arqueologos-2-1920x800.jpg\")
\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/cdn.xl.pt\/conteudos\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2018\/10\/16265614-1920x800.jpg\")
\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/cdn.xl.pt\/conteudos\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2018\/10\/16265615-1920x800.jpg\")
\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/cdn.xl.pt\/conteudos\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2018\/10\/UNIV_Arqueologos-8-1920x800.jpg\")
\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/cdn.xl.pt\/conteudos\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2018\/10\/UNIV_Arqueologos-7-1920x800.jpg\")
\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/a>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n
Showing Caima\u2019s past, present and future<\/h3>\n
Const\u00e2ncia gains an industrial archive<\/h2>
\nWhether the factory that closed in Albergaria-a-Velha, in the Branca council, or the plant in Consta\u0302ncia, Ribatejo. Our investigation will introduce an element that focuses more on the material industrial aspects, rather than what can only be read. An example: with this study, we get to know Eric Daniel Bergqvist better, who worked at Caima and was a director in the company for many years, playing an innovative role in its organisation and technology. The knowledge of the manufacturing unit will benefit from the documental investigation, interpretation and research. It is more comprehensive, since it involves several perspectives: sociological, economic (productive and commercial), biographical, material, cultural and the value that the archive may have. Therefore, we have advised the entity that requested this work to preserve its archive, including in a digital format, and deliver the material part to a public entity in order to safeguard it in the future.
\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false,"raw":"The possibility of studying a company that was present in all of the most significant moments in the transformation of Portuguese society since the late 19th century is of great importance. Caima came into being during the reign of King Lu\u00eds, it grew during the First Republic, and remained operational throughout all of WWI, during the military dictatorship, WWII, the 25 April 1974 revolution, the inclusion of Portugal in the European Economic Community (EEC) \u2013 now the European Union \u2013, and the adoption of the single currency and end of the Portuguese escudo.\r\n\r\nCaima was established on 17 May 1888. The Albergaria factory was constructed in 1891. Building a plant that produces pulp using an innovative chemical process, in the centre of Portugal at the end of the 19th century, required importing all of the equipment and an assembly team from Germany. \u201cImagine what it was like to build a factory in Portugal, whether for textile or metalworking, when technical training at the time was low and there was no specialised labour. Even more so when this unit was a calcium bisulphite-based chemical industry\u201d, states Jorge Cust\u00f3dio, an industrial archaeologist and researcher at the Instituto de Hist\u00f3ria Contempor\u00e2nea (Institute of Contemporary History<\/em>) in charge of coordinating the research on Caima.\r\n\r\n\u201cBuilding this company\u2019s history involves the history of the society of this region and the country itself\u201d, declares Sofia Costa Macedo, a professor of Cultural Heritage at ISCTE, member of the board of directors at APAI \u2013 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Arqueologia Industrial (Portuguese Association for Industrial Archaeology<\/em>) and one of the three members that make up the research team that developed the history of Caima, the first chemical pulp production plant in Portugal.\r\n\r\n[image id=\"2316\" format=\"img-header-large\"]\r\n\r\nThe starting point of the investigation was a trunk stored at the company, which contained approximately 150 documents on The Caima Timber Estate & Wood Pulp Company, Limited<\/em>. The Master of Industrial Archaeology and researcher on the Caima project, Susana Pacheco, shares that, to develop the work, several different archives were consulted. Those at the Const\u00e2ncia plant and Albergaria plant \u2013 most of which are at the Albergaria-a-Velha municipal archive \u2013, as well as state, municipal and district archives, among which those of the former Ministry of Public Works and Ministry of the Economy, where there was a good deal of information. The researchers also consulted foreign archives, namely the National Archives in England. It was in London that they found the original statutes of the establishment of The Caima Timber Estate & Wood Pulp Company, Limited<\/em>, Caima\u2019s oldest information. From England alone, more than 300 documents were researched and brought back.\r\n\r\nAltogether, the researchers found more information than they had expected. Information that had to be analysed and validated to assess whether it was relevant to the investigation. More than 200 items were discovered at the Albergaria archive, with each item made up of various documents. These were volumes of letters and, to give an idea of the volume, each item contained 600 letters.\r\n\r\nJorge Cust\u00f3dio, in charge of coordinating the research on Caima, explains that these items \u201care a minimal percentage of what we were able to save. The rest was lost\u201d. A situation that ended up disrupting the order of business, since it implied greater analysis and effort.\r\n\r\nThe project\u2019s coordinator states that they are going to write a book with a scientific nature. \u201cIt is not an ideological discourse, it\u2019s scientific.\u201d\r\n\r\nAnother very important aspect of this work was to give the story a human dimension. \u201cWho the people were, their role, how they stood out, what influence they had on the measures adopted by the company and what the practical results were for the business\u201d, says Sofia Costa Macedo. A feeling seconded by Jorge Cust\u00f3dio, who mentions that this aspect is \u201cinteresting and led to maps that will be included in the exhibition and book, showing Caima\u2019s universality\u201d.\r\n\r\nOne example of Caima\u2019s universality was the company\u2019s relationship with the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph<\/em>. This prominent journal founded in 1855 remains one of the most important in the United Kingdom and, for many years, used paper produced from Caima pulp.\r\n\r\n[gallery-slick ids=\"2334,2325,2319,2322,2355,2349\"]\r\n\r\nShowing Caima\u2019s past, present and future<\/h3>\r\nA project of this dimension required the creation of a work chronogram and included the collaboration of various experts in fields such as Forestry, the Environment, Chemistry, Architecture, Heritage and Civil Engineering, to address more specific aspects of the evolution of the factory and all of the technological and scientific elements associated with the improvements introduced.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe discovered all of the technology used in the plants. At the beginning, I never thought it would be possible to recreate a plant like the one in Albergaria, which is in ruins, and find out which machinery existed\u201d, explains Susana Pacheco. The researchers were able to find several technological blueprints, with dimensions from that time and how the equipment was installed. Who the constructors were, the size of each part and the machines in question. \u201cThere is a wealth of knowledge and detail about the whole evolutionary process of the technology used by Caima\u201d, adds Susana Pacheco.\r\n\r\nThe work developed by the researchers includes production of a book that tells Caima\u2019s story, an exhibition that takes this knowledge to the public, and thematic conferences due to begin in October. From the beginning of the project, the team considered the importance of processing the archive of the material found and making it available. An idea that was echoed within Caima itself, opening the possibility of \u201cplacing the digital archive on a drive containing everything we investigated\u201d, says Jorge Cust\u00f3dio. According to the leader of this ambitious project, this will enable anyone to research whatever they wish on this platform, since all of the information is processed and organised.\r\n\r\nThe book will contain a summary of all of the material analysed. \u201cWe will carry out the correct analyses to help build a better knowledge of Caima.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe industrial archaeologists will explain the company\u2019s history and provide a deeper understanding of its importance in the past and present, collaborating in its outlook. The work shows Caima\u2019s technological evolution and the positioning of the company that produces raw material to ensure products like sausages don\u2019t go without packaging or medication without wrappers. These and many other goods are produced using the soluble eucalyptus pulp produced by Caima. Working on the material history or culture of new products is also a goal of industrial archaeology.\r\n\r\nPeople must understand how industries work, how they use raw materials of other industries, how intermediate or final products are made. \u201cThat is our guiding principle; to integrate the workers and enable them to recognise themselves in what they see. In what they know and what they do.\u201d\r\n\r\n[card title=\"Const\u00e2ncia gains an industrial archive\"]\r\nWhether the factory that closed in Albergaria-a-Velha, in the Branca council, or the plant in Consta\u0302ncia, Ribatejo. Our investigation will introduce an element that focuses more on the material industrial aspects, rather than what can only be read. An example: with this study, we get to know Eric Daniel Bergqvist better, who worked at Caima and was a director in the company for many years, playing an innovative role in its organisation and technology. The knowledge of the manufacturing unit will benefit from the documental investigation, interpretation and research. It is more comprehensive, since it involves several perspectives: sociological, economic (productive and commercial), biographical, material, cultural and the value that the archive may have. Therefore, we have advised the entity that requested this work to preserve its archive, including in a digital format, and deliver the material part to a public entity in order to safeguard it in the future.\r\n[\/card]"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mostrar o passado, o presente e o futuro da Caima<\/h3>\r\nCom uma empreitada desta envergadura foi necess\u00e1rio criar um cronograma de trabalho e contar com a colabora\u00e7\u00e3o de diversos especialistas em \u00e1reas como Floresta, Ambiente, Qu\u00edmica, Arquitectura, Patrim\u00f3nio ou Engenharia Civil para abordar aspectos mais espec\u00edficos da evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da f\u00e1brica e de todas as envolventes tecnol\u00f3gicas e cient\u00edficas associadas \u00e0s melhorias introduzidas.\r\n\r\n\u201cEncontr\u00e1mos toda a tecnologia utilizada nas f\u00e1bricas. No in\u00edcio, nunca pensei que fosse poss\u00edvel recriar uma f\u00e1brica como a de Albergaria que est\u00e1 em ru\u00ednas e saber que m\u00e1quinas existiram\u201d, explica Susana Pacheco. Os investigadores conseguiram encontrar diversas plantas de tecnologia, com as dimens\u00f5es da \u00e9poca e a forma como se instalavam esses equipamentos. Quem foram os construtores, os tamanhos de cada pe\u00e7a e as m\u00e1quinas em causa. \u201cH\u00e1 um grande conhecimento e detalhe de todo o processo evolutivo da tecnologia utilizada pela Caima\u201d, diz Susana Pacheco.\r\n\r\nO trabalho que os investigadores est\u00e3o a desenvolver \u00e9 a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de um livro que conte a hist\u00f3ria da Caima, uma exposi\u00e7\u00e3o para levar este conhecimento \u00e0s pessoas e confer\u00eancias tem\u00e1ticas a iniciar em Outubro. Desde o in\u00edcio do projecto a equipa pensou na import\u00e2ncia de tratar e disponibilizar o arquivo do material encontrado. Uma ideia que acabou por ganhar eco dentro da pr\u00f3pria Caima, abrindo a possibilidade de \u201cse fazer a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o do arquivo digital numa drive<\/em> onde consta tudo o que investig\u00e1mos\u201d, diz Jorge Cust\u00f3dio. Para o respons\u00e1vel deste ambicioso projecto, esta situa\u00e7\u00e3o vai permitir que uma pessoa pesquise o que quiser nesse espa\u00e7o, tendo em conta que toda a informa\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 tratada e organizada.\r\n\r\nO livro ser\u00e1 uma s\u00edntese de tudo o que foi analisado. \u201cVamos fazer an\u00e1lises correctas que contribuir\u00e3o para um melhor conhecimento da Caima.\u201d\r\n\r\nOs arque\u00f3logos industriais v\u00e3o explicar a hist\u00f3ria da empresa e dar uma vis\u00e3o mais aprofundada da sua import\u00e2ncia no passado e no presente, colaborando na sua prospectiva. O trabalho mostra a evolu\u00e7\u00e3o tecnol\u00f3gica da Caima e do posicionamento da empresa que produz mat\u00e9ria-prima para que produtos como as salsichas n\u00e3o fiquem sem capa ou os rem\u00e9dios sem inv\u00f3lucro. Esses e muitos outros bens s\u00e3o produzidos com a pasta sol\u00favel de eucalipto produzida pela Caima. Trabalhar sobre a hist\u00f3ria ou a cultura material dos novos produtos \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m um objectivo da arqueologia industrial.\r\n\r\n\u00c9 preciso que as pessoas percebam como funcionam as ind\u00fastrias, que utilizam mat\u00e9rias\u00ad\u2011primas de outras ind\u00fastrias, como se fazem os produtos interm\u00e9dios ou finais. \u201c\u00c9 esse o nosso gui\u00e3o, visa integrar os trabalhadores e permitir que se reconhe\u00e7am naquilo que v\u00eaem. Naquilo que sabem e naquilo que fazem.\u201d\r\n\r\n[card title=\"Const\u00e2ncia ganha um arquivo industrial\" type=\"normal\"]\r\nSeja a que ja\u0301 fechou, que e\u0301 a fa\u0301brica de Albergaria-a-Velha, na freguesia da Branca, seja a de Consta\u0302ncia, Ribatejo. Vamos introduzir na nossa investigac\u0327a\u0303o algo que permite valorizar melhor os aspectos industriais materiais e na\u0303o apenas aquilo que conseguimos ler. Um exemplo: com este estudo, podemos conhecer melhor Eric Daniel Bergqvist, que trabalhou na Caima e esteve na direcc\u0327a\u0303o muitos anos, tendo um papel inovador na sua organizac\u0327a\u0303o e tecnologia. O conhecimento da unidade fabril beneficiara\u0301 da investigac\u0327a\u0303o, interpretac\u0327a\u0303o e pesquisa documental. E\u0301 mais aberto, pois envolve diversas perspectivas: a sociolo\u0301gica, econo\u0301mica (produtiva e comercial), biogra\u0301fica, material, cultural e o valor que o arquivo pode ter. Por isso, estamos a aconselhar a entidade que nos solicitou este trabalho a conservar o seu pro\u0301prio espo\u0301lio, ate\u0301 de uma forma digital, e entregar a parte material a uma entidade pu\u0301blica que a possa preservar para o futuro.\r\n[\/card]","_pt_post_name":"reconhecer-a-relevancia-da-caima-na-historia-de-portugal","_pt_post_excerpt":"A historiografia portuguesa desprezou a an\u00e1lise do papel da Caima na economia nacional. O trabalho desenvolvido outorga \u00e0 Caima o papel de destaque que merece na hist\u00f3ria de Portugal","_pt_post_title":"Reconhecer a relev\u00e2ncia da Caima na hist\u00f3ria de Portugal","_en_post_content":"The possibility of studying a company that was present in all of the most significant moments in the transformation of Portuguese society since the late 19th century is of great importance. Caima came into being during the reign of King Lu\u00eds, it grew during the First Republic, and remained operational throughout all of WWI, during the military dictatorship, WWII, the 25 April 1974 revolution, the inclusion of Portugal in the European Economic Community (EEC) \u2013 now the European Union \u2013, and the adoption of the single currency and end of the Portuguese escudo.\r\n\r\nCaima was established on 17 May 1888. The Albergaria factory was constructed in 1891. Building a plant that produces pulp using an innovative chemical process, in the centre of Portugal at the end of the 19th century, required importing all of the equipment and an assembly team from Germany. \u201cImagine what it was like to build a factory in Portugal, whether for textile or metalworking, when technical training at the time was low and there was no specialised labour. Even more so when this unit was a calcium bisulphite-based chemical industry\u201d, states Jorge Cust\u00f3dio, an industrial archaeologist and researcher at the Instituto de Hist\u00f3ria Contempor\u00e2nea (Institute of Contemporary History<\/em>) in charge of coordinating the research on Caima.\r\n\r\n\u201cBuilding this company\u2019s history involves the history of the society of this region and the country itself\u201d, declares Sofia Costa Macedo, a professor of Cultural Heritage at ISCTE, member of the board of directors at APAI \u2013 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Arqueologia Industrial (Portuguese Association for Industrial Archaeology<\/em>) and one of the three members that make up the research team that developed the history of Caima, the first chemical pulp production plant in Portugal.\r\n\r\n[image id=\"2316\" format=\"img-header-large\"]\r\n\r\nThe starting point of the investigation was a trunk stored at the company, which contained approximately 150 documents on The Caima Timber Estate & Wood Pulp Company, Limited<\/em>. The Master of Industrial Archaeology and researcher on the Caima project, Susana Pacheco, shares that, to develop the work, several different archives were consulted. Those at the Const\u00e2ncia plant and Albergaria plant \u2013 most of which are at the Albergaria-a-Velha municipal archive \u2013, as well as state, municipal and district archives, among which those of the former Ministry of Public Works and Ministry of the Economy, where there was a good deal of information. The researchers also consulted foreign archives, namely the National Archives in England. It was in London that they found the original statutes of the establishment of The Caima Timber Estate & Wood Pulp Company, Limited<\/em>, Caima\u2019s oldest information. From England alone, more than 300 documents were researched and brought back.\r\n\r\nAltogether, the researchers found more information than they had expected. Information that had to be analysed and validated to assess whether it was relevant to the investigation. More than 200 items were discovered at the Albergaria archive, with each item made up of various documents. These were volumes of letters and, to give an idea of the volume, each item contained 600 letters.\r\n\r\nJorge Cust\u00f3dio, in charge of coordinating the research on Caima, explains that these items \u201care a minimal percentage of what we were able to save. The rest was lost\u201d. A situation that ended up disrupting the order of business, since it implied greater analysis and effort.\r\n\r\nThe project\u2019s coordinator states that they are going to write a book with a scientific nature. \u201cIt is not an ideological discourse, it\u2019s scientific.\u201d\r\n\r\nAnother very important aspect of this work was to give the story a human dimension. \u201cWho the people were, their role, how they stood out, what influence they had on the measures adopted by the company and what the practical results were for the business\u201d, says Sofia Costa Macedo. A feeling seconded by Jorge Cust\u00f3dio, who mentions that this aspect is \u201cinteresting and led to maps that will be included in the exhibition and book, showing Caima\u2019s universality\u201d.\r\n\r\nOne example of Caima\u2019s universality was the company\u2019s relationship with the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph<\/em>. This prominent journal founded in 1855 remains one of the most important in the United Kingdom and, for many years, used paper produced from Caima pulp.\r\n\r\n[gallery-slick ids=\"2334,2325,2319,2322,2355,2349\"]\r\n\r\n
Showing Caima\u2019s past, present and future<\/h3>\r\nA project of this dimension required the creation of a work chronogram and included the collaboration of various experts in fields such as Forestry, the Environment, Chemistry, Architecture, Heritage and Civil Engineering, to address more specific aspects of the evolution of the factory and all of the technological and scientific elements associated with the improvements introduced.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe discovered all of the technology used in the plants. At the beginning, I never thought it would be possible to recreate a plant like the one in Albergaria, which is in ruins, and find out which machinery existed\u201d, explains Susana Pacheco. The researchers were able to find several technological blueprints, with dimensions from that time and how the equipment was installed. Who the constructors were, the size of each part and the machines in question. \u201cThere is a wealth of knowledge and detail about the whole evolutionary process of the technology used by Caima\u201d, adds Susana Pacheco.\r\n\r\nThe work developed by the researchers includes production of a book that tells Caima\u2019s story, an exhibition that takes this knowledge to the public, and thematic conferences due to begin in October. From the beginning of the project, the team considered the importance of processing the archive of the material found and making it available. An idea that was echoed within Caima itself, opening the possibility of \u201cplacing the digital archive on a drive containing everything we investigated\u201d, says Jorge Cust\u00f3dio. According to the leader of this ambitious project, this will enable anyone to research whatever they wish on this platform, since all of the information is processed and organised.\r\n\r\nThe book will contain a summary of all of the material analysed. \u201cWe will carry out the correct analyses to help build a better knowledge of Caima.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe industrial archaeologists will explain the company\u2019s history and provide a deeper understanding of its importance in the past and present, collaborating in its outlook. The work shows Caima\u2019s technological evolution and the positioning of the company that produces raw material to ensure products like sausages don\u2019t go without packaging or medication without wrappers. These and many other goods are produced using the soluble eucalyptus pulp produced by Caima. Working on the material history or culture of new products is also a goal of industrial archaeology.\r\n\r\nPeople must understand how industries work, how they use raw materials of other industries, how intermediate or final products are made. \u201cThat is our guiding principle; to integrate the workers and enable them to recognise themselves in what they see. In what they know and what they do.\u201d\r\n\r\n[card title=\"Const\u00e2ncia gains an industrial archive\"]\r\nWhether the factory that closed in Albergaria-a-Velha, in the Branca council, or the plant in Consta\u0302ncia, Ribatejo. Our investigation will introduce an element that focuses more on the material industrial aspects, rather than what can only be read. An example: with this study, we get to know Eric Daniel Bergqvist better, who worked at Caima and was a director in the company for many years, playing an innovative role in its organisation and technology. The knowledge of the manufacturing unit will benefit from the documental investigation, interpretation and research. It is more comprehensive, since it involves several perspectives: sociological, economic (productive and commercial), biographical, material, cultural and the value that the archive may have. Therefore, we have advised the entity that requested this work to preserve its archive, including in a digital format, and deliver the material part to a public entity in order to safeguard it in the future.\r\n[\/card]","_en_post_name":"acknowledging-caimas-importance-in-portuguese-history","_en_post_excerpt":"Portuguese historiography has disregarded analysing Caima\u2019s role in the national economy. This work confers Caima the prominence it deserves in the history of Portugal","_en_post_title":"Acknowledging Caima\u2019s importance in Portuguese history","edit_language":"en","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[32,234,393,414,87],"class_list":["post-1989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tema-de-capa","tag-caima","tag-edicao-3","tag-historia-de-portugal","tag-historiografia","tag-nl-altri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1989","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1989"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1989\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2388,"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1989\/revisions\/2388"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conteudos.xl.pt\/altri-news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}